The three-phase synchronous generator set is in operation. In order to ensure that the voltage value is within the specified range, the generator set adjusts the voltage in different ways according to its designed structural performance. Then, how many voltage regulation methods are there for synchronous generator sets? CHENFENG, the manufacturer of diesel generator set, will explain it to you.

三相同步發(fā)電機(jī)組電壓自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)器可分：可控硅自動(dòng)調(diào)壓、TD1型碳阻式自動(dòng)調(diào)壓、相復(fù)勵(lì)自動(dòng)調(diào)壓等三類。下面柴油發(fā)電機(jī)廠家晨豐分別介紹這三種同步發(fā)電機(jī)電壓自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)器工作原理。

The automatic voltage regulator of three-phase synchronous generator set can be divided into three categories: thyristor automatic voltage regulation, TD1 carbon resistance automatic voltage regulation and phase compound excitation automatic voltage regulation. Next, CHENFENG, a diesel generator manufacturer, introduces the working principles of the three automatic voltage regulators of synchronous generators.

A、可控硅自動(dòng)調(diào)壓：

A. Thyristor automatic voltage regulation:

這種調(diào)壓方式是指利用串入或并入激磁回路的可控硅控制激磁電流，從而使發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓隨負(fù)載的變化而進(jìn)行自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)。可控硅的控制方式有多種：一是利用單結(jié)晶體管組成的振蕩電路產(chǎn)生觸發(fā)脈沖，改變電容的充電電壓，從而控制觸發(fā)脈沖產(chǎn)生的時(shí)間，改變可控硅的導(dǎo)通角；二是利用三極管的開(kāi)關(guān)特性，改變電容的充電電壓，控制三極管的導(dǎo)通時(shí)間而產(chǎn)生觸發(fā)脈沖，同樣也可以控制可控硅的導(dǎo)通角。

This voltage regulation means that the thyristor connected in series or incorporated into the excitation circuit is used to control the excitation current, so that the output voltage of the generator can be automatically adjusted with the change of load. There are many ways to control the thyristor: one is to use the oscillation circuit composed of single junction transistor to generate trigger pulse and change the charging voltage of capacitor, so as to control the generation time of trigger pulse and change the conduction angle of thyristor; The second is to use the switching characteristics of the triode to change the charging voltage of the capacitor and control the conduction time of the triode to generate the trigger pulse, which can also control the conduction angle of the thyristor.

三相同步發(fā)電機(jī)組調(diào)壓方式有幾種

There are several voltage regulation modes of three-phase synchronous generator set

B、TD1型碳阻式自動(dòng)調(diào)壓：

B. TD1 carbon resistance automatic voltage regulation:

這種調(diào)壓方式在上柴SC柴油發(fā)電機(jī)組上有所運(yùn)用，其工作原理是：當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)負(fù)載為額定值時(shí)，電壓自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)器保持穩(wěn)定不動(dòng)，這時(shí)發(fā)電機(jī)的激磁電流、電壓和主激磁電流都穩(wěn)定不變。電機(jī)的負(fù)載增大，導(dǎo)致電壓降低，則電壓自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)器開(kāi)始調(diào)節(jié)碳片電阻，使其阻值減小，從而使發(fā)電機(jī)的激磁電流增大，促使發(fā)電機(jī)的輸出電壓上升；反之，負(fù)載減小時(shí)，電壓自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)器便調(diào)節(jié)碳片電阻的阻值增大，從而使激磁電流減小，促使電壓下降。

This voltage regulation method is used in Shangchai SC diesel generator set. Its working principle is that when the generator load is rated, the automatic voltage regulator remains stable, and the excitation current, voltage and main excitation current of the generator are stable. When the load of the motor increases and the voltage decreases, the automatic voltage regulator starts to adjust the carbon sheet resistance to reduce its resistance value, so as to increase the excitation current of the generator and increase the output voltage of the generator; On the contrary, when the load is reduced, the automatic voltage regulator will adjust the resistance of the carbon sheet resistance to increase, so as to reduce the excitation current and reduce the voltage.

C、相復(fù)勵(lì)自動(dòng)調(diào)壓：

C. Phase compound excitation automatic voltage regulation:

對(duì)于起動(dòng)和運(yùn)行中負(fù)載變化較大的特殊設(shè)備，采用相復(fù)勵(lì)自動(dòng)調(diào)壓方式較好，所以目前在特殊設(shè)備供電中，發(fā)電機(jī)控制部分較多采用相復(fù)勵(lì)自動(dòng)調(diào)壓方式。相復(fù)勵(lì)自動(dòng)調(diào)壓的基本原理是：當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)空載時(shí)，電樞抽頭繞組的剩磁電壓通過(guò)線性電抗器移相90°，經(jīng)三相橋式整流器整流后，輸出的直流電流流向磁場(chǎng)繞組進(jìn)行勵(lì)磁。當(dāng)剩磁電壓太低時(shí)，可用直流電進(jìn)行充電。當(dāng)發(fā)電機(jī)組帶有負(fù)載時(shí)，其負(fù)載電流通過(guò)電流互感器的一次繞組產(chǎn)生一個(gè)和一次繞組電流成比例關(guān)系的二次電流，此電流能隨不同功率因數(shù)的負(fù)載變化時(shí)所需勵(lì)磁電流的大小而相應(yīng)增減。在適當(dāng)參數(shù)配合下，供給發(fā)電機(jī)所需的勵(lì)磁電流，故能自動(dòng)調(diào)整電壓，使電壓在一定的范圍內(nèi)保持穩(wěn)定。由于它的這種特性，在工程建筑和特殊設(shè)備中應(yīng)用得較多。

For special equipment with large load change during startup and operation, it is better to adopt the phase compound excitation automatic voltage regulation mode. Therefore, at present, in the power supply of special equipment, the generator control part mostly adopts the phase compound excitation automatic voltage regulation mode. The basic principle of phase compound excitation automatic voltage regulation is: when the generator is unloaded, the residual magnetic voltage of armature tap winding is shifted by 90 ° through linear reactor, rectified by three-phase bridge rectifier, and the output DC current flows to the magnetic field winding for excitation. When the remanence voltage is too low, DC can be used for charging. When the generator set is loaded, its load current generates a secondary current proportional to the current of the primary winding through the primary winding of the current transformer. This current can increase or decrease accordingly with the required excitation current when the load with different power factors changes. With the cooperation of appropriate parameters, it can supply the excitation current required by the generator, so it can automatically adjust the voltage and keep the voltage stable within a certain range. Because of its characteristics, it is widely used in engineering buildings and special equipment.